Some of the
risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease is mediated by genetic variation. The most common and involved variation is a
variant of the gene that makes the apoprotein apoE. This apoprotein is involved in many processes in brain cells including the removal of the
toxic protein β amyloid which causes tissue damage if it builds up in
excess.
Risk of the
disease is greatly increased in those with the variant form of the gene called
apoE4. Nine percent of adults have the
apoE4 variant and their disease risk is increased between 3 and 10-fold
depending on the presence of 1 or 2 copies of the gene variant.
While the
presence of apoE4 increases the disease risk, the final triggering of the
disease requires the presence of different environment triggers such as chronic
inflammation or insulin resistance. Both
of these processes are worsened by low cell levels of omega-3 fatty acids which
must come from diet. New study has found
that this relationship is compounded by the fact that it requires higher amounts
of omega-3 FA intake to maintain cell levels in those with the apoE4 gene
variant.
The study
looked at blood and brain cell omega-3 FA levels in rats that share the traits
of development of Alzheimer’s with humans.
The levels were significantly lower in those animals with the apoE4
variant. The lower levels of omega-3 FAs
correlated with cognitive and behavioral deficits typical to human
Alzheimer’s. The lower levels of omega-3
FAs appears to come from increased “catabolism” or breakdown of these fatty
acids. The solution is that those with
the apoE4 variant require higher levels of dietary and supplemental omega-3 FAs
to maintain cell levels and prevent cognitive decline.
The difficulty in managing omega-3 FA
levels is that there is wide variation of intake levels from person to person required
to maintain adequate cell levels. This
can be managed by actually measuring cell levels and adjusting supplementation
until these levels are adequate. This is
done with a red blood cell test. Blood
cell levels have been correlated with levels in brain cells validating this
testing. The test above shows a low
omega-3 FA cell level at 3.72%. Levels
need to be 10% or greater for optimal brain
protection.
The test at the left shows
an ideally managed omega-3 FA level at 11%.
The dietary levels required to maintain these levels varies from person
to person so supplementation levels should be managed by cell level testing
rather than by using an arbitrary consumption level.
There are
several risk factors that have to be managed more carefully in persons with the
apoE4 gene variant. Omega-3 FA levels is
clearly one of them. If someone is
genetically predisposed to Alzheimer’s disease, development of it is not a
given and it can be prevented with careful lifestyle management.
Nock et
al. Carriers
of an apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele are more vulnerable to a dietary
deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2017:1862;1068–1078.
Great blog... Thanks for sharing all alzheimer's genetic risk factors. Neurological Test help to detect the alzheimer's genetic risk. Thanks
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